Week 14 : Sugar Detector Done

Ready for presentation day and also touch up at the switch. For the circuit,need to have body or box to make it more compatible and attractive to people.

Recommendation of the assessor about this product is :

· Find suitable sensor for the glucose for the effective and accurate.

· Have various drinks such as carrot juices, sugar cane juices, and many more because in Malaysia have many variety of drinks.

· Make more compact of the Sugar Detector circuit.

Week 13 : sugar detector and third experiment

Done with the sugar detector circuit and also arduino programming.

picture 1 : sugar detector circuit with arduino board.

Do third experiment, replace probe with copper electrode as the sensor.

picture 2 : third experiment

As the preparation for the presentation day, poster as the attraction and guideline for the project.

picture 3 : Poster for sugar detector in drinks

Week 12 : Arduino programming

Arduino programming based on the information for each fruits to determine glycemic index range.

Fruits	Range
Watermelon	72 (+-) 3
Orange	42 (+-) 3
Apple	38 (+-)2
Mango	56 (+-)2
Pepsi	55 (+-)3

LOW < 55 , MEDIUM 56-69 , HIGH > 70

ARDUINO PROGRAMMING :

// set pin numbers:

const int sw1 = 6; // the number of the pushbutton pin1

const int sw2 = 7; // the number of the pushbutton pin2

const int sw3 = 8; // the number of the pushbutton pin3

const int sw4 = 9; // the number of the pushbutton pin4

const int sw5 = 10; // the number of the pushbutton pin5

const int buzzer = 1; // the number of the Buzzer pin

int sensorPin = A0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer

int sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor

int mode = 0;

// include the library code:

#include

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void show_low()

{

lcd.setCursor(12,1);

lcd.print("Low ");

}

void show_med()

{

lcd.setCursor(12,1);

lcd.print("Med ");

}

void show_high()

{

lcd.setCursor(12,1);

lcd.print("High");

}

void setup() {

pinMode(sw1, INPUT);

pinMode(sw2, INPUT);

pinMode(sw3, INPUT);

pinMode(sw4, INPUT);

pinMode(sw5, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);

// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:

lcd.begin(16, 2);

// Print a message to the LCD.

lcd.print("Sugar Detector!");

digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);

}

void loop() {

if(digitalRead(sw1)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("WaterMelon");

mode=1;

}

if(digitalRead(sw2)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Orange");

mode=2;

}

if(digitalRead(sw3)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Apple");

mode=3;

}

if(digitalRead(sw4)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Mango");

mode=4;

}

if(digitalRead(sw5)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Carbonate Drink");

mode=5;

}

sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);

sensorValue = sensorValue/6.5;

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Value: ");

lcd.setCursor(6,1);

lcd.print(sensorValue,DEC);

if(mode==1)

{

if(sensorValue<55)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=55 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==2)

{

if(sensorValue<45)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=45 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==3)

{

if(sensorValue<40)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=40 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==4)

{

if(sensorValue<58)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=58 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==5)

{

if(sensorValue<53)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=53 && sensorValue<62)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

delay(100);

}

Week 11 : construct sugar detector

From the experiment 1 and 2, I construct circuit by using eagle 6.0 software to do schematic and run the simulation to make sure the components value are suitable to make sugar detector circuit. After the construct using the schematic are suitable and function based on the result from the experiment. From the schematic circuit, I continue to construct PCB circuit using eagle 6.0.

picture 1 : sugar detector schematic circuit

picture 2: PCB circuit

picture 3 : etching the PCB board from picture 2

The circuit already etching using etching powder, then by using multimeter to troubleshoot each wiring connection because sometimes after etching,the connection are not properly connected. Lastly,apply the component and soldering . after finished soldering,test the circuit for the functioning.

week 10: Measure Resistance and Voltage of Sugar in Apple,watermelon,orange,mango juices and pepsi

Objective: to measure and observe resistance and voltage of sugar in certain drinks.

Apparatus:

• 5 cup (Mango juice,Watermelon juice, Apple juice, Orange juice and Pepsi)
• 1 cup of sugar
• 9v battery
• multimeter

Steps:

1. pour juices in the each cup with the same level.
2. put 1 teaspoon of sugar in the cup and stir it well then measure the resistance and voltage.
3. repeat step 2 until 5 teaspoon of sugar been measure.

Result: the resistance and voltage value increase when each spoon of sugar been pour in the mineral water.

Spoon	Pepsi	Watermelon	Orange	Apple	Mango
1	4k = 1.438v	7.5k = 2.14v	5k = 1.67v	5k = 1.67v	6k = 1.87v
2	6k = 1.87v	9k = 2.37v	5k = 1.67v	6k = 1.87v	7k = 2.05v
3	6k = 1.87v	11k = 2.62v	5k = 1.67v	8k = 2.22v	9k = 2.37v
4	8k = 2.22v	12k = 2.73v	8k = 2.22v	8k = 2.22v	8k = 2.22v
5	12k = 2.73	14k = 2.92v	9k = 2.37v	10k=2.5v	11k = 2.63v

Conclusion: When sugar mixed can produce a different resistance and voltage because fruits. Each of the fruit contain different amount of glucose known as natural sugar. From the glycemic index, watermelon has a high level of sugar because it has high carbohydrate. Apple has low level of sugar and it suitable for diabetic patient.

week 9 : measure resistance of sugar in mineral water

objective: to measure resistance sugar in mineral water. During the experiment, the resistance value can be observe.

Steps:

1. one cup of mineral water.
2. put 1 teaspoon of sugar in the cup and stir it well then measure the resistance.
3. repeat step 2 until 5 teaspoon of sugar been measure.

Result: the resistance value increase when each spoon of sugar been pour in the mineral water.

Spoon	ohms
0	0
1	2
2	3
3	4
4	4
5	5

conclusion : from the experiment, sugar dissolves in water because when a sucrose molecule breaks from the sugar crystal, it is immediately surroundedby water molecules. The sucrose has hydroxyl groups that have a slight negativecharge. The positive charge of the oxygen found in the water molecule bindswith the sugar. As the hydration shell forms around the sucrose molecule.

Week 8: Info about GI

The glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system of measuring how much of a rise in circulating blood sugar a carbohydrate triggers–the higher the number, the greater the blood sugar response. So a low GI food will cause a small rise, while a high GI food will trigger a dramatic spike. A list of carbohydrates with their glycemic values is shown below. A GI is 70 or more is high, a GI of 56 to 69 inclusive is medium, and a GI of 55 or less is low.

The glycemic load (GL) is a relatively new way to assess the impact of carbohydrate consumption that takes the glycemic index into account, but gives a fuller picture than does glycemic index alone. A GI value tells you only how rapidly a particular carbohydrate turns into sugar. It doesn't tell you how much of that carbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. You need to know both things to understand a food's effect on blood sugar. That is where glycemic load comes in. The carbohydrate in watermelon, for example, has a high GI. But there isn't a lot of it, so watermelon's glycemic load is relatively low. A GL of 20 or more is high, a GL of 11 to 19 inclusive is medium, and a GL of 10 or less is low.

Foods that have a low GL almost always have a low GI. Foods with an intermediate or high GL range from very low to very high GI.

Both GI and GL are listed here. The GI is of foods based on the glucose index–where glucose is set to equal 100. The other is the glycemic load, which is the glycemic index divided by 100 multiplied by its available carbohydrate content (i.e. carbohydrates minus fiber) in grams. (The "Serve size (g)" column is the serving size in grams for calculating the glycemic load; for simplicity of presentation I have left out an intermediate column that shows the available carbohydrates in the stated serving sizes.) Take, watermelon as an example of calculating glycemic load. Its glycemic index is pretty high, about 72. According to the calculations by the people at the University of Sydney's Human Nutrition Unit, in a serving of 120 grams it has 6 grams of available carbohydrate per serving, so its glycemic load is pretty low, 72/100*6=4.32, rounded to 4.

Week 5: Salt Detector

This is called the circuit detects the amount of salt contained in liquid foods circuit diagram is designed to detect the approximate percentage of salt in a liquid. You can apply a circuit diagram as a prober of salt on the food either, liquids etc.

From the research that has been carried out about salt detector, there are a number of salt detector available in the market and it is widely used in the Korea. in Malaysia, need to focus more to sugar because the percentage of diabetic is high

Week 4 : LIST OF THE JUICES AND COKE

Usually people in Malaysia like to drink apple juice, orange juice, watermelon juice, mango juice and coke as the carbonate drinks

Apple juice	Low	38
Orange juice	Low	42
**Watermelon	high	72
mangoes	medium	56
coke	medium	58

Week 3 : TOP 5 SUGAR ALTERNATIVES FOR DIABETICS

When a person eats, the sugar in the food is broken down to become glucose. This simple sugar enters into the cells where it is used as fuel for energy. Insulin secreted by the pancreas helps the process. In diabetic people, glucose is not properly processed resulting in the increase of blood glucose levels. When this happens, you are at risk for heart disease, kidney failure and other serious complications.

Closely monitoring the glucose level of a diabetic is a very important task that could spell the difference between life and death. Certain compromises in one’s lifestyle are very important and could be a significant step in controlling diabetes. Having a healthier diet, hydrating with water and regular exercise is recommended, together with the necessary treatments can help stabilize blood sugar levels.

Having diabetes doesn’t mean you have to give up on life’s little pleasures. Nowadays, you can satisfy your sweet tooth and safely manage your blood sugar level at the same time. Here are top 5 sweeteners you could safely try for your sweet needs, approved by the American Diabetes Association.

1. Sucralose- Splenda Brand is one of the more popular sugar replacement used by many today. What makes it safe is that the body does not recognize it as a carbohydrate or a sugar and is not metabolized. It can also be used for baking and cooking
2. Aspartame - Aspartame is a zero-calorie substance both safe to use for type 1 and 2 diabetics. This is used by Equal and NutraSweet. This is not good with cooking, though, as it loses its sweetness when put through heat.

1. Acesulfame Potassium - This substance is about 200 times sweeter than sugar. It is usually used in combination with other sweeteners because of its slightly bitter aftertaste. It can tolerate heat so it also suitable for cooking and baking. This is used by Sweet One.
2. Saccharine - When used carefully and in small amounts, saccharine is considered a safe sweetener for diabetics. It can be both mixed with hot or cold food. The brand names using saccharine are Sweet N’ Low and Sugar Twin, among others.
3. Stevia - Stevia is favored by many as it is considered all-natural with no chemical ingredients. More importantly, it has zero calories and glycemic index. It comes from a South American shrub of the same name and it’s been used for years. A lot of people like this because it has no pleasant aftertaste. Commercial sweeteners using stevia include Sooo Sweet and Truvia.

Artificial sweeteners have been proven to be safe and useful for diabetics. However, every diabetic responds differently to artificial or alternative sweeteners so it is still best to consult your dietician or physician before settling for the sweetener of your choice.

Week 2: Objective

The objectives of this project are:

1. To detect sugar contains in drinks.

2. The methtod of the sugar detector is to help the diabetic patients to maintain their health.

3.The application of the sugar detector is to decrease the number of diabetic patients in Malaysia

Week 1: Introduction of the sugar detector

Diabetes mellitus is now a major global public health problem. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are escalating especially developing and newly industrialized nations. The estimated number of 80 million sufferers in 1990 is expected to double by the year 2000. In Asia alone, it is estimated that the total number of diabetes could reach more than 138 million.

World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes 2 major clinical forms, namely Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). About 90% of all cases of diabetes in developed and developing countries are NIDDM, primarily found in adults more than 30 years of age. The category of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) includes those whose glucose tolerance test is beyond the boundaries of normality as defined by 1985 WHO Study Group. When tested 5 to 10 years after diagnosis of IGT, about one-third progresses to diabetes. Exceptionally high prevalence is seen in population who have changed from traditional to modern lifestyle. This difference in rates reflects the underlying behavioral environmental and social factors such as diet, level of obesity and physical activity. The lowest rates are often found in rural areas within the country of origin where people live closer to their traditional lifestyles.

Stated in fact sheet of visual impaired statistic by Second National Health and Morbidity survey, Malaysia has the most number of overweight and obese people in Asia, obesity is a main cause of diabetes 54% of the adult population is either obese or overweight, compared to only 24.1% 10 years ago. As a result 7 out of 10 Malaysian adults suffer from chronic diseases. High sugar intake (which also causes obesity) among Malaysians is one of the contributing factors to the high incidence of diabetes. We consume 26 teaspoons of sugar a day and are the eighth highest sugar users in the world.

The proposed project of sugar detector in drinking water to make human realize how important to community to know how much glucose that contains in daily life drinking water, because sugar can make human get diabetics. However, the sugar detector in water are realistic to show the sugar level in the drinking water such as mineral water or soft drink and drinking juices. Its also good for obesity people to minimize the sugar level in blood because sugar can turn into fat.