Week 14 : Sugar Detector Done

Ready for presentation day and also touch up at the switch. For the circuit,need to have body or box to make it more compatible and attractive to people.

Recommendation of the assessor about this product is :

· Find suitable sensor for the glucose for the effective and accurate.

· Have various drinks such as carrot juices, sugar cane juices, and many more because in Malaysia have many variety of drinks.

· Make more compact of the Sugar Detector circuit.

Week 13 : sugar detector and third experiment

Done with the sugar detector circuit and also arduino programming.

picture 1 : sugar detector circuit with arduino board.

Do third experiment, replace probe with copper electrode as the sensor.

picture 2 : third experiment

As the preparation for the presentation day, poster as the attraction and guideline for the project.

picture 3 : Poster for sugar detector in drinks

Week 12 : Arduino programming

Arduino programming based on the information for each fruits to determine glycemic index range.

Fruits	Range
Watermelon	72 (+-) 3
Orange	42 (+-) 3
Apple	38 (+-)2
Mango	56 (+-)2
Pepsi	55 (+-)3

LOW < 55 , MEDIUM 56-69 , HIGH > 70

ARDUINO PROGRAMMING :

// set pin numbers:

const int sw1 = 6; // the number of the pushbutton pin1

const int sw2 = 7; // the number of the pushbutton pin2

const int sw3 = 8; // the number of the pushbutton pin3

const int sw4 = 9; // the number of the pushbutton pin4

const int sw5 = 10; // the number of the pushbutton pin5

const int buzzer = 1; // the number of the Buzzer pin

int sensorPin = A0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer

int sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor

int mode = 0;

// include the library code:

#include

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void show_low()

{

lcd.setCursor(12,1);

lcd.print("Low ");

}

void show_med()

{

lcd.setCursor(12,1);

lcd.print("Med ");

}

void show_high()

{

lcd.setCursor(12,1);

lcd.print("High");

}

void setup() {

pinMode(sw1, INPUT);

pinMode(sw2, INPUT);

pinMode(sw3, INPUT);

pinMode(sw4, INPUT);

pinMode(sw5, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);

// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:

lcd.begin(16, 2);

// Print a message to the LCD.

lcd.print("Sugar Detector!");

digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);

}

void loop() {

if(digitalRead(sw1)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("WaterMelon");

mode=1;

}

if(digitalRead(sw2)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Orange");

mode=2;

}

if(digitalRead(sw3)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Apple");

mode=3;

}

if(digitalRead(sw4)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Mango");

mode=4;

}

if(digitalRead(sw5)==1)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Carbonate Drink");

mode=5;

}

sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);

sensorValue = sensorValue/6.5;

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Value: ");

lcd.setCursor(6,1);

lcd.print(sensorValue,DEC);

if(mode==1)

{

if(sensorValue<55)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=55 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==2)

{

if(sensorValue<45)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=45 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==3)

{

if(sensorValue<40)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=40 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==4)

{

if(sensorValue<58)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=58 && sensorValue<70)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

else if(mode==5)

{

if(sensorValue<53)

show_low();

else if(sensorValue>=53 && sensorValue<62)

show_med();

else

show_high();

}

delay(100);

}

Week 11 : construct sugar detector

From the experiment 1 and 2, I construct circuit by using eagle 6.0 software to do schematic and run the simulation to make sure the components value are suitable to make sugar detector circuit. After the construct using the schematic are suitable and function based on the result from the experiment. From the schematic circuit, I continue to construct PCB circuit using eagle 6.0.

picture 1 : sugar detector schematic circuit

picture 2: PCB circuit

picture 3 : etching the PCB board from picture 2

The circuit already etching using etching powder, then by using multimeter to troubleshoot each wiring connection because sometimes after etching,the connection are not properly connected. Lastly,apply the component and soldering . after finished soldering,test the circuit for the functioning.

week 10: Measure Resistance and Voltage of Sugar in Apple,watermelon,orange,mango juices and pepsi

Objective: to measure and observe resistance and voltage of sugar in certain drinks.

Apparatus:

• 5 cup (Mango juice,Watermelon juice, Apple juice, Orange juice and Pepsi)
• 1 cup of sugar
• 9v battery
• multimeter

Steps:

1. pour juices in the each cup with the same level.
2. put 1 teaspoon of sugar in the cup and stir it well then measure the resistance and voltage.
3. repeat step 2 until 5 teaspoon of sugar been measure.

Result: the resistance and voltage value increase when each spoon of sugar been pour in the mineral water.

Spoon	Pepsi	Watermelon	Orange	Apple	Mango
1	4k = 1.438v	7.5k = 2.14v	5k = 1.67v	5k = 1.67v	6k = 1.87v
2	6k = 1.87v	9k = 2.37v	5k = 1.67v	6k = 1.87v	7k = 2.05v
3	6k = 1.87v	11k = 2.62v	5k = 1.67v	8k = 2.22v	9k = 2.37v
4	8k = 2.22v	12k = 2.73v	8k = 2.22v	8k = 2.22v	8k = 2.22v
5	12k = 2.73	14k = 2.92v	9k = 2.37v	10k=2.5v	11k = 2.63v

Conclusion: When sugar mixed can produce a different resistance and voltage because fruits. Each of the fruit contain different amount of glucose known as natural sugar. From the glycemic index, watermelon has a high level of sugar because it has high carbohydrate. Apple has low level of sugar and it suitable for diabetic patient.

week 9 : measure resistance of sugar in mineral water

objective: to measure resistance sugar in mineral water. During the experiment, the resistance value can be observe.

Steps:

1. one cup of mineral water.
2. put 1 teaspoon of sugar in the cup and stir it well then measure the resistance.
3. repeat step 2 until 5 teaspoon of sugar been measure.

Result: the resistance value increase when each spoon of sugar been pour in the mineral water.

Spoon	ohms
0	0
1	2
2	3
3	4
4	4
5	5

conclusion : from the experiment, sugar dissolves in water because when a sucrose molecule breaks from the sugar crystal, it is immediately surroundedby water molecules. The sucrose has hydroxyl groups that have a slight negativecharge. The positive charge of the oxygen found in the water molecule bindswith the sugar. As the hydration shell forms around the sucrose molecule.

Week 8: Info about GI

The glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system of measuring how much of a rise in circulating blood sugar a carbohydrate triggers–the higher the number, the greater the blood sugar response. So a low GI food will cause a small rise, while a high GI food will trigger a dramatic spike. A list of carbohydrates with their glycemic values is shown below. A GI is 70 or more is high, a GI of 56 to 69 inclusive is medium, and a GI of 55 or less is low.

The glycemic load (GL) is a relatively new way to assess the impact of carbohydrate consumption that takes the glycemic index into account, but gives a fuller picture than does glycemic index alone. A GI value tells you only how rapidly a particular carbohydrate turns into sugar. It doesn't tell you how much of that carbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. You need to know both things to understand a food's effect on blood sugar. That is where glycemic load comes in. The carbohydrate in watermelon, for example, has a high GI. But there isn't a lot of it, so watermelon's glycemic load is relatively low. A GL of 20 or more is high, a GL of 11 to 19 inclusive is medium, and a GL of 10 or less is low.

Foods that have a low GL almost always have a low GI. Foods with an intermediate or high GL range from very low to very high GI.

Both GI and GL are listed here. The GI is of foods based on the glucose index–where glucose is set to equal 100. The other is the glycemic load, which is the glycemic index divided by 100 multiplied by its available carbohydrate content (i.e. carbohydrates minus fiber) in grams. (The "Serve size (g)" column is the serving size in grams for calculating the glycemic load; for simplicity of presentation I have left out an intermediate column that shows the available carbohydrates in the stated serving sizes.) Take, watermelon as an example of calculating glycemic load. Its glycemic index is pretty high, about 72. According to the calculations by the people at the University of Sydney's Human Nutrition Unit, in a serving of 120 grams it has 6 grams of available carbohydrate per serving, so its glycemic load is pretty low, 72/100*6=4.32, rounded to 4.